Environmental Behavior and Decision-Making Test 1. Message framing can best be described as:* a. Putting your message out on media platforms that reach your intended audience b. Messages that distort content to make an argument more persuasive Messages that are framed as opinions rather than fact or research c. Messages that are put into a context that helps the audience absorb the content 2. Environmental messages are often information intensive. What critical piece of message framing is left out of most environmental messages?* a. How to get more information b. The bias or agenda of the sponsoring organization c. What specific actions you can take to make a difference d. Who funded the message 3. Environmental messages that ask the audience to “Save the Polar Bears” or Save the Rainforest” often fail to inspire people to act. Why is that?* a. These messages are perceived as a plea for money. b. They imply the need to sacrifice personally for someone else’s benefit. c. They draw on a person’s self-interest as well as their altruistic motivations. d. They imply that there will be a higher quality of life for the person receiving the message. 4. How we make yard care choices is one way that individuals have direct influence on environmental conditions. What is one of the strongest influences on how homeowners make yard care decisions?* a. How our parents cultivated their yards. b. The products and services offered by local garden stores. c. How the neighbors’ yards look. d. The advice we get from close friends. 5. Research shows that many neighbors have expectations of how their neighbors’ yards look.* True False 6. Education and outreach campaigns that are designed to influence or change environmental practices can be more effective by (you may choose more than one answer):* a. Asking participants to sign a commitment pledge b. Sending the same message through multiple sources c. Personal contact, such as “knock and talks” and small community meetings d. Reminders such as stickers and other printed prompts 7. According to the model of community-based social marketing, education and outreach campaigns that are designed to influence or change environmental behaviors should begin by focusing on:* a. What your audience values b. The factors that motivate people to change behaviors c. The barriers that prevent people from engaging in your targeted behaviors d. The methods you will use to measure change in behaviors 8. Asking people to make a written, public commitment to change a behavior is an effective tool for outreach programs.* True False 9. Individual commitments are more effective than commitments from a group of individuals, such as a neighborhood association or a church.* True False 10. Incentives can have a substantial effect on changes in behavior.* True False 11. Removing incentives after behaviors change has no effect on sustaining those behavior changes.* True False
